2007年MBA联考英语必备语法全突破之不定式

1.不定式做主语
(1)做形式主语的代词：
不定式做主语,?通常用it充当形式主语,?把做主语的不定式短语后置。?如：
It?took?me?only?five?minutes?to?finish?the?job.
To?be?frank,?it?is?a?great?relief?to?have?the?task?fulfilled?in?so?short?a?time.
(2)引导逻辑主语的介词：
不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,?不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：
absurd,?bold,?brave,?courageous,?careful,?careless,?clever,?wise,?foolish,?silly,?stupid,?good,?nice,?kind,?thoughtful,?
considerate,?greedy,?generous,?honest,?modest,?polite,?rude,?cruel,?selfish,?lazy,?wicked,?wrong。如：
Experts?say?walking?is?one?of?the?best?ways?for?a?person?to?stay?healthy.
It’s?clever?of?you?to?have?invented?such?a?device.
(3)不定式做主语补足语：
掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：
said
reported
thought
be?to?do?sth.
believed
known
supposed
Byron?is?said?to?have?lived?on?vinegar?and?potatoes.
The?bank?is?reported?in?the?local?newspaper?to?have?been?robbed?in?broad?daylight?yesterday.

2.不定式做宾语
(1)必须接不定式做宾语的动词：
掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：
agree,?afford,?aim,?arrange,?appear,?ask,?attempt,?choose,?claim,?decide,?desire,?determine,?expect,?fail,?guarantee,?
hope,?endeavor,?intend,?long,?mean,?manage,?offer,?ought,?plan,?pledge,?pretend,?prepare,?promise,?proceed,?prove,?r
esolve,?refuse,?request,?swear,?tend,?try,?venture,?wait,?wish。如：
Even?though?the?children?pretended?to?be?asleep,?the?nurses?were?not?deceived?when?they?came?into?the?room.
注意:
1)有的动词要求特殊疑问词+不定式做宾语,?这类动词有：
consider,?discover,?explain,?forget,?guess,?know,?learn,?observe,?remember,?see,?tell,?understand,?wonder，如：
While?still?a?young?boy,?Bizet?knew?how?to?play?the?piano?well?and?as?he?grew?older,?he?wrote?operas,?the?most?famous?of?which?is?Carmen.
2)如果该特殊疑问词在不定式中做介词宾语,?介词往往置于该特殊疑问词的前面。如:
The?professor?can?hardly?find?sufficient?grounds?on?which?to?base?his?argument?in?favor?of?the?new?theory.
Without?facts,?we?cannot?form?worthwhile?opinion?for?we?need?to?have?factual?knowledge?upon?which?to?base?our?thinking.
(2)可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)的动词：
下列动词可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)：
advise,?allow,?ask,?beg,?cause,?command,?compel,?enable,?determine,?encourage,?expect,?feel,?find,?force,?hate,?have,?hear,?help,?inform,?invite,?let,?like,?
make,?mean,?need,?notice,?notify,?oblige,?order,?permit,?persuade,?remind,?request,?require,?see,?send,?teach,?tell,?tempt,?trouble,?urge,?want,?warn,?watch,?wish。
注意：画线动词后面的不定式不带to。
如：
Because?of?the?recent?accidents,?our?parents?forbid?my?brother?and?me?to?swim?in?the?river?unless?someone?agrees?to?watch?over?us.

3.不定式做定语
(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,?last,?only,?not?a,?the,?very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：
the?first?woman?to?set?foot?on?the?moon?第一个登上月球的女性
(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：
tendency?to?do→tend?to?do,?decision?to?do→decide?to?do?This?book?is?an?attempt?to?help?you?use?English?and?recognize?how?it?is?used.
(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：
ambition?to?do?“干……的雄心”→be?ambitious?to?do“有雄心干……”
curiosity?to?do?“对……的好奇心”→be?curious?to?do“对……好奇”
ability?to?do“做……的能力”→able?to?do“有能力做……”
According?to?Darwin,?random?changes?that?enhance?a?species’?ability?to?survive?are?naturally?selected?and?passed?on?to?succeeding?generation.
(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括：
way,?method,?reason,?time,?place,?chance,?occasion,?opportunity,?evidence,?power,?right,?movement,?drive?(运动)，effort等。如：
I?worked?so?late?in?the?office?last?night?that?I?hardly?had?time?to?catch?the?last?bus.
We?appreciate?your?efforts?to?bring?about?a?comprehensive?solution?to?the?existing?problem.
(5)不定代词something,?nothing,?little,?much,?a?lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如：
Though?we?have?made?great?progress,?there?is?still?much?to?be?improved.

4.不定式做状语
不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。
(1)in?order?to(do),?so?as?to(do)结构引导目的状语，so?as?to不能置于句首。如：
To?succeed?in?a?scientific?research?project,?one?needs?to?be?persistent?.
I?advise?them?to?withdraw?so?as?not?to?get?involved.
(2)so…as?to,?such…as?to,?enough…to,?too…to结构做程度状语。如：
The?solution?works?only?for?couples?who?are?self-employed,?don’t?have?small?children?and?get?along?well?enough?to?spend?most?of?their?time?together.
The?vocabulary?and?grammatical?differences?between?British?and?American?English?are?so?trivial?and?few?as?hardly?to?be?noticed.
(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。
常见的不定式动词有find,?hear,?see,?be?told,?form,?give,?make,?produce等。如：
Greatly?agitated,?I?rushed?to?the?apartment?and?tried?the?door,?only?to?find?it?locked.
(4)not/never?too…?to,?too…?not?to,?but/only?too…to,?too?ready/eager/apt/inclined?to?表示肯定意义。如：
I?am?only?too?pleased?to?hear?from?you?further.?能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。