Section I Vocabulary (10points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
1. The education ________ for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than
what people expected.
A. tariff B. revenue C. budget D. fee
2. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _________ will be conducted by computer.
A. transmissions B. transitions C. transactions D. transformations
3. At last, the prisoner was ______ of his civil liberty for three years.
A. derived B. stripped C. deprived D. declined
4. Your failure to ________ with a supervisor’s direction will result in your scores being
cancelled.
A. comply B. compel C. conform D. compile
10. I shall take you back to Beijing ______ you are well enough to travel.
A. presently B. promptly C. immediately D. shortly
11. Those nations that _________ in the internal affairs of another nation should be
universally condemned.
A. interrelate B. interrupt C. intervene D. interfere
12. _______ these questions may sound academic, answers to them could have profound
economic and political significance.
A. Since B. While C. Unless D. Lest
13. There are nations whose __________ of contact with the outside world has resulted in poverty.
A. short B. lack C. thirst D. appetites
14. Everything requires __________ . To me the motto is never give up.
A. persistence B. consistency C. constancy D. insistence
15.The newly-built Science Building seems_______ enough to last a hundred years.
A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. steady
16. When I bought this watch, I was given a year’s ________.
A. assurance B. insurance C. guarantee D. safety
17. Britain’s press is unusual __________ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper:the quality press and the popular press.
A. in how B. in which C. in what D. in that
18. The mother said she would ________ her son washing the dishes if he could finish his
assignment before supper.
A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out
19. They worked together and so _________ the task in a month.
A. carried out B. carried through C. carried on D. carried off
20.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _________ how great their achievements
are.
A. in spite of B. in ways of C. in favor of D. in terms of
Section Ⅱ Cloze (10 points)
Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock
could be just for you. The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits 1
you to be in your lightest phase of sleep 2 rousing you. Its makers say that should 3 you wake up feeling refreshed every morning ,As you sleep you pass 4 a sequence of sleep states-light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep –that 5 approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can 6 how you feel later, and may 7 have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase 8 you are more likely to wake up energetic.
SleepSmart 9 the distinct pattern of brain waves 10 during each phase of sleep, via a
headband equipped 11 electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical
activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the 12 way as some machines used for medical and
research __13__, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You 14 the
clock with the latest time at 15 you want to be wakened, and it 16 duly (适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The 17 was invented by a group of students
at Brown University in Rhode Island 18 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test, “ 19 sleep –deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of 20 to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer ofAxon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.
1. A) beside B) near C) for D) around
2. A) upon B) before C) towards D) till
3. A) ensure B) assure C) require D) request
4. A) through B) into C) about D) on
5. A) reveals B) reverses C) resumes D) repeats
6. A) effect B) affect C) reflect D)perfect
7. A) already B) ever C) never D) even
8. A) means B) marks C) says D) dictates
9. A) removes B) relieves C) records D) recalls
10. A) proceeded B) produced C) pronounced D)progressed
11. A) by B) of C) with D) over
12. A) familiar B) similar C) identical D) same
13. A) findings B) prospects C) proposals D) purposes
14. A) prompt B) program C) plug D)plan
15. A) where B) this C) which D) that
16. A) then B) also C) almost D) yet
17. A) claim B) conclusion C) concept D) explanation
18. A) once B) after C) since D) while
19. A) Besides B) Despite C)To D) As
20. A) what B) how C) whether D) when
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Passage One
Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle
curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker,
Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over
half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.
Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which
local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumes—especially young people—see as part of a modern, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company.Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (标
识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in
America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as
spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those
countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.
41. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marketing that______.
A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market
B) their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.
C) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
D) people all over the world enjoy eating their company’s potato chips
42. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
A) Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.
B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack market.
C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.
D) It needs to turn to the word market for development.
43. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_______.
A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands
B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
D) products identified as American will have promising market value
44. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
B) To promote the company's strategy of globalization.
C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
D) To compete with other American chip producers.
45. Frito-Lay's executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market
_______.
A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local people
B) will lead to economic imperialism
C) will be in the interest of the local people
D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips
Passage Two
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love orexercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body.
While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you..
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but
coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt
they couldn’t get the job done.
Stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic
Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences.
In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control：They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones
have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”
46. The passage is mainly about______
A) the benefits of manageable stress
B) how to avoid stressful situations
C) how to cope with stress effectively
D) the effects of stress hormones on memory
47. The word “shun” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means________.
A) cut down on B) stay away from
C) run out of D) put up with
48. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_______
A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory
B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
49. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the
antibody because______.
A) the video was not enjoyable at all
B) the outcome was beyond their control
C) they knew little about surgical procedures
D) they felt no pressure while watching the video
50. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______.
A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress.
Passage Three
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are
controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without
punishment.
It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is
doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch
extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for
dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露) the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail,
computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the
public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
51. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today.
B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions.
C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected.
D) people commit computer crimes at the request their company.
52. It is implied in the third paragraph that ______.
A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered.
B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem.
C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes.
D) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck.
55. The passage is mainly about ______.
A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections.
B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment.
C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their former employers.
D) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated.
Passage Four
Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.
There are nine other blacks in Congress; there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome
both handicaps at once. Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a drawback than being female.
If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman, probably no one would
question me. Why? Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America.
That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men—and, I am afraid, most women—as bizarre (异乎寻常的).
Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. When blacks
finally started to “mention” it, with sit-ins, boycotts (抵制), and freedom rides, Americans were incredulous. “Who, us?” they asked in injured tones. “We're prejudiced?” It was the start of a long, painful reeducation for white America. It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.
How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am sure it will be a
longer struggle. Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed (被洗脑的) and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.
Let me explain. I have been active in politics for more than twenty years. For all but the last
six, I have done the work—all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and
defeat on election day—while men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of
women in politics.
It is still women—about three million volunteers—who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card party organizing. In such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.
When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat
from Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant, the resistance was bitter. From the start of that campaign, I faced undisguised (不加掩饰的) hostility because of my sex.
But it was four years later, when I ran for Congress that the question of my sex became a
major issue. Among members of my own party, closed meetings were held to discuss ways of
stopping me.
Women have not even reached the level of tokenism (象征主义) that blacks are reaching. No
women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank, and none do at present. Only two women hold ambassadorial (大使的) rank. But women predominate in the lower-paying, menial (仆人), unrewarding, dead end jobs, and when they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than a man gets for the same job.
If that is not prejudice, what would you call it?
56. The author writes this passage mainly to ________.
A) talk about American political system
B) argue against the inequality between men and women
C) tell of her experience of being elected to Congress
D) criticize the racial prejudice in America
57. According to the author, being a woman is a greater drawback than being a black because
________.
A) there is no more prejudice against black people in America
B) sex prejudice is deeply rooted in people's minds
C) not many women show interest in politics
D) women are not as well educated as men
58. The phrase “that role” (Line 1, Para. 7) most probably refers to ________.
A) being a woman politician who keeps a separate but equal position
B) being an office secretary that stuffs envelopes and organizes card parties
C) being a voluntary worker in the election campaign
D) being a second-class citizen that is supposed to have no prospects of political success
59. According to the passage, the author was most probably ________ before she was elected to the Congress?
A) a county vice chair women
B) a housewife
C) a member of the New York State Assembly
D) an ambassador
60. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A) prejudice against the blacks has been eliminated
B) racial discrimination is a very serious social problem
C) to eliminate prejudice against women is still a long struggle
D) to run for high-rank positions is very difficult for women
Section IV Translation（20 points）
Directions：In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined
sentences into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
When offices are planned, the attention paid to the correct use of space, and individual and
company needs, is often totally inadequate. 61) Bad planning can frustrate the manager and
employee and reduce their level of performance. This is why so much research has been
undertaken since the war into effective office planning.
There is a growing realization that investment in people means that their needs should be
thoroughly analyzed and provided for. It has encouraged a number of office planning approaches. 62) The best of these approaches take into account not just the physical aspects of a building but the complex individual and group relationships which need to be understood before a plan is implemented.
A man's personal preference is always for his own separate office. Where this can be
achieved it provides privacy and special advantages for him. However, it is quite uneconomic for most organizations to provide such facilities on anything but a limited scale. 63) Moreover, the corporate needs for good communications, smooth exchange of ideas and paper work, and flexibility demand a different form of planning. Preoccupation with rental costs has led in the past to open plan offices which in the worst circumstances are laid out in such a regimented fashion that the atmosphere is totally impersonal.
Nevertheless, costs must be faced realistically. Perhaps the best balance between the needs ofmost of the employees and the needs of the company are to be found in landscaped offices.
Developed in Germany in the late 1950s, landscaping, or Burolandschaft as it is sometimes
called, seeks to achieve good communications and information flow by the correct juxtaposition of departments. 64) Its aim is to provide a pleasing working environment for all, coupled with economic use of space and the ability on management's part to alter office layout to cope with changes in working methods.
Ideally a floor area of not less than 6000 sq. ft. is required, generally in the form of a square or rectangle the sides of which have a ratio of less than two to one. Employees are grouped together in clusters, in accordance with a plan that takes into account work flow and desirable relationships across traditional organizational barriers. Such groups are identified and separated by movable screens. 65) An acceptable general noise level is achieved by careful acoustic control to provide aural privacy and mask intrusive noise.
Section V Writing （20 points）
Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic On Lottery Games（关于彩票游戏）. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given inChinese) below:
1． 有些人赞成买彩票。
2． 也有人反对。
3． 我的看法。
注：彩票（lottery tickets）
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